Proteinuria

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◆ Membrane toxicity
The accumulation of serum proteins in the glomerular mesangial cells can cause damage, proliferation, and synthesis of mesangial matrix, resulting in glomerular sclerosis. Glomerular low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein apoB, deposition of apolipoprotein A can also cause glomerulosclerosis.
◆ Cytotoxicity of proximal tubule
Proteinuria in renal tubular epithelial cells increases in patients with proteinuria, lysosome activity increases, causing cell damage leads to inflammation and scar formation.
◆ Changes in cellular biology of tubules
Protein can directly regulate the function of tubule cells, change its growth characteristics and cytokines, and induce fibrosis.
◆ Small interstitial hypoxia increase
Renal tubular reabsorption of urine protein increases energy consumption, which can lead to hypoxia of tubular cells, causing damage to tubular cells.

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