The Stages of CKD and Their Attentions
In order to improve the diagnosis and treatment’s level, the chronic kidney disease foundation divides CKD into five stages based on GFR. Different tests and treatment are required differently in each stage.
Stage 1: people occur kidney injure with normal or high GFR over than 90 ml/min. In this stage, kidneys still work normally even if they can not reach to 100%. Therefore, there are no obvious symptoms and sighs, and it is difficult for the doctors to diagnose the condition. Bu
signs
※The abnormal (higher than normal) level of creatinine
Proteinuria and hematuria
※With a family history of polycystic kidney disease, people should protect themselves to against infection through a MRI, CT scan, X-ray and ultrasound.
attentions
The changes in the lifestyle and diet can help patients slow the progress of kidney disease. Patients are recommended do the follow things:
※Take medicines as prescribed by your doctor
※People without diabetes but with proteinuria- 125/75
※Exercise regularly
※Stop smoking and drinking
※Plan a healthy and balanced diet.
※Limit eat much refined and processed foods with high sugar
※Choose foods with low fat and salt
※Eat foods with various grains, particularly the whole grains, fresh vegetables and fruits
Stage 2: people have kidney injure with GFR in 60-89ml/min. Just as the first stage, it is not easy to recognize from the surface.
attentions
※Keep your blood glucose within the normal range
※Check your blood for serum creatinine, proteinre and red cells regularly
※Keep your blood pressure under control:
※People with diabetes- 125/75
※People without diabetes or proteinuria- 130/80
※Based on the Daily Reference Intake (DRI), keep intake of 8 grams protein per kilogram body weight per day
Stage 3: people with stage 3 have kidney injure with a moderate in the GFR of 30-59ml/min. This is a stage where the signs show clearly gradually. As kidney function declines, waste products and toxins start to build up in our blood, over a period time, which will trigger a bad condition named as uremia. Besides, many complications will occur, such as high blood pressure, anemia (a shortage of red blood cells) or bone disease.
signs
Firstly, the urine has a set of problems.
※Blood can be seen in the urine (hematuria) or through a microscope.
※ foamy urine is caused by protein in the urine.
※ it will make abnormal urine than usual, named as diuresis, oliguria and anuria respectively.
Secondly, people feel tired, weakness and fatigue all the time, usually as a result of anemia
※ Have trouble in sleeping. Other symptoms, such as itching, muscle cramping or restless legs
※ Excess fluid due to the imbalance of the fluid. In addition, the condition will cause the edema or swelling in your feet, hands, ankles or around your eyes.
※ Kidney pain, which is more common with polycystic kidney disease or infections.
tests
Generally speaking, people with in this stage should go to the hospital every three to six months. In order to know whether your kidneys functions well, patients need to do blood tests to check creatinine, calcium, hemoglobin and phosphorus levels. At the same time, they also monitor other conditions, including diabetes and high blood pressure.
attentions
※Eat a healthy and balanced diet. Including various grains, fresh vegetables and fruits. However, when it comes to abnormal levels of potassium and phosphorus, patients had better limit the intake of proteins, fresh vegetables and fruits.
※Limit the foods with high salt and fat
※Vitamin D and iron may be tailored to individual requirements.
※Exercise more and keep your physical activity.
※Keep your build and lose your weight, if you are overweight.
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